diff --git a/CLAUDE.md b/CLAUDE.md
index 5b10c6dd..10f535d1 100644
--- a/CLAUDE.md
+++ b/CLAUDE.md
@@ -47,17 +47,17 @@ crates/
 
 ### Tick-Based Validator Duties (4-second slots, 5 intervals per slot)
 ```
-Interval 0: Block proposal → accept attestations if proposal exists
+Interval 0: Block published (at the slot boundary). The build+publish code path is merged into the previous slot's interval 4 (see below) and aligned to publish here; no attestation acceptance happens at interval 0.
 Interval 1: Attestation production (all validators, including proposer)
 Interval 2: Aggregation (aggregators create proofs from gossip signatures)
 Interval 3: Safe target update (fork choice)
-Interval 4: Accept accumulated attestations
+Interval 4: Accept accumulated attestations; build the NEXT slot's block and publish it aligned to that slot's interval 0 (build and publish merged into this tick)
 ```
 
 ### Attestation Pipeline
 ```
 Gossip → Signature verification → new_attestations (pending)
-  ↓ (intervals 0/4)
+  ↓ (interval 4)
 promote → known_attestations (fork choice active)
   ↓
 Fork choice head update
diff --git a/crates/blockchain/src/lib.rs b/crates/blockchain/src/lib.rs
index 4360377d..2a2178d3 100644
--- a/crates/blockchain/src/lib.rs
+++ b/crates/blockchain/src/lib.rs
@@ -252,24 +252,24 @@ impl BlockChainServer {
             self.pre_merge_coverage = Some(snapshot);
         }
 
-        let scheduled_proposer = (interval == 0 && slot > 0)
+        // Whether one of our validators proposes this slot. Drives the store's
+        // interval-0 attestation acceptance.
+        let is_proposer = (interval == 0 && slot > 0)
             .then(|| self.get_our_proposer(slot))
-            .flatten();
-        let is_proposer = scheduled_proposer.is_some();
+            .flatten()
+            .is_some();
 
         // Tick the store first - this accepts attestations at interval 0 if we have a proposal
         store::on_tick(&mut self.store, timestamp_ms, is_proposer);
 
         // ==== interval 0 ====
 
-        // Now build and publish the block (after attestations have been accepted)
-        if let Some(validator_id) = scheduled_proposer {
-            if self.sync_status.duties_allowed() {
-                self.propose_block(slot, validator_id);
-            } else {
-                info!(%slot, %validator_id, "Skipping block proposal while syncing");
-            }
-        }
+        // No actor work at interval 0. The block is published here conceptually
+        // (at the slot boundary), but the build+publish code path runs at
+        // interval 4 of the previous slot — where it also advances the store to
+        // this slot's interval 0 before building (see `propose_block`). The real
+        // interval-0 tick is then skipped by the idempotency guard above, since
+        // the store clock is already here.
 
         // ==== interval 1 ====
 
@@ -316,7 +316,22 @@ impl BlockChainServer {
 
         // ==== interval 4 ====
 
-        // Handled by the pre-tick snapshot above.
+        // Build and publish the NEXT slot's block here, one interval early, so
+        // the heavy leanVM work happens during this otherwise-idle interval.
+        // `propose_block` blocks the actor for the build and aligns publication
+        // to the slot boundary. Doing the whole proposal here — rather than
+        // stashing it for the interval-0 tick — keeps it robust: `handle_tick`
+        // skips the interval-0 tick whenever this build overruns its interval.
+        if interval == 4 {
+            let next_slot = slot + 1;
+            let next_proposer = self
+                .get_our_proposer(next_slot)
+                .filter(|_| self.sync_status.duties_allowed());
+
+            if let Some(validator_id) = next_proposer {
+                self.propose_block(next_slot, validator_id).await;
+            }
+        }
 
         // Update safe target slot metric (updated by store.on_tick at interval 3)
         metrics::update_safe_target_slot(self.store.safe_target_slot());
@@ -383,78 +398,45 @@ impl BlockChainServer {
         });
     }
 
-    /// Returns the validator ID if any of our validators is the proposer for this slot.
-    fn get_our_proposer(&self, slot: u64) -> Option<u64> {
-        let head_state = self.store.head_state();
-        let num_validators = head_state.validators.len() as u64;
-
-        self.key_manager
-            .validator_ids()
-            .into_iter()
-            .find(|&vid| is_proposer(vid, slot, num_validators))
-    }
-
-    fn produce_attestations(&mut self, slot: u64, is_aggregator: bool) {
-        let _timing = metrics::time_attestations_production();
-
-        // Produce attestation data once for all validators
-        let attestation_data = store::produce_attestation_data(&self.store, slot);
-
-        // For each registered validator, produce and publish attestation
-        for validator_id in self.key_manager.validator_ids() {
-            // Sign the attestation
-            let Ok(signature) = self
-                .key_manager
-                .sign_attestation(validator_id, &attestation_data)
-                .inspect_err(
-                    |err| error!(%slot, %validator_id, %err, "Failed to sign attestation"),
-                )
-            else {
-                continue;
-            };
-
-            // Create signed attestation
-            let signed_attestation = SignedAttestation {
-                validator_id,
-                data: attestation_data.clone(),
-                signature,
-            };
-
-            // Self-deliver: store our own attestation locally for aggregation.
-            // Gossipsub does not deliver messages back to the sender, so without
-            // this the aggregator never sees its own validator's signature in
-            // gossip_signatures and it is excluded from aggregated proofs.
-            if is_aggregator {
-                let _ = store::on_gossip_attestation(&mut self.store, &signed_attestation, true)
-                    .inspect_err(|err| {
-                        warn!(%slot, %validator_id, %err, "Self-delivery of attestation failed")
-                    });
-            }
-
-            // Publish to gossip network
-            if let Some(ref p2p) = self.p2p {
-                let _ = p2p.publish_attestation(signed_attestation).inspect_err(
-                    |err| error!(%slot, %validator_id, %err, "Failed to publish attestation"),
-                );
-                info!(%slot, %validator_id, "Published attestation");
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Build and publish a block for the given slot and validator.
-    fn propose_block(&mut self, slot: u64, validator_id: u64) {
+    /// Build the target slot's block and publish it, one interval early.
+    ///
+    /// Runs at the previous slot's interval 4, blocking the actor for the build
+    /// (the expensive part is the leanVM Type-1 → Type-2 merge). It first
+    /// advances the store to the target slot's interval 0 (accepting
+    /// attestations) so the block is built on exactly the interval-0 state a
+    /// non-prebuilding proposer would see, then builds and publishes — aligned
+    /// to the slot boundary: if the build finishes before the slot opens we wait
+    /// out the remainder so the block is not published early; if it overran (the
+    /// common case under load) we publish at once. The whole proposal is
+    /// self-contained here, so it never depends on the interval-0 tick — which
+    /// `handle_tick` skips whenever this build overruns its interval.
+    async fn propose_block(&mut self, slot: u64, validator_id: u64) {
         info!(%slot, %validator_id, "We are the proposer for this slot");
 
+        let genesis_time_ms = self.store.config().genesis_time * 1000;
+        let slot_start_ms = genesis_time_ms + slot * MILLISECONDS_PER_SLOT;
+
+        // Advance the store to this slot's interval 0 — one interval ahead of the
+        // interval-4 tick we are running in — accepting attestations exactly as
+        // the real interval-0 tick would, so the block is built on the interval-0
+        // state rather than the previous slot's end state. Building early is safe
+        // because we publish below (nothing is stashed for a later tick), and the
+        // real interval-0 tick is then skipped by the idempotency guard in
+        // `on_tick`, since the store clock is already here.
+        store::on_tick(&mut self.store, slot_start_ms, true);
+        let parent_root = self.store.head();
+
+        // Build the block on the interval-0 head.
         let _timing = metrics::time_block_building();
-
-        // Build the block with attestation signatures
-        let Ok((block, type_one_proofs, _post_checkpoints)) =
-            store::produce_block_with_signatures(&mut self.store, slot, validator_id)
-                .inspect_err(|err| error!(%slot, %validator_id, %err, "Failed to build block"))
-        else {
-            metrics::inc_block_building_failures();
-            return;
-        };
+        let (block, type_one_proofs, _post_checkpoints) =
+            match store::produce_block_on_head(&mut self.store, slot, validator_id, parent_root) {
+                Ok(built) => built,
+                Err(err) => {
+                    error!(%slot, %validator_id, %err, "Failed to build block");
+                    metrics::inc_block_building_failures();
+                    return;
+                }
+            };
 
         coverage::emit_proposal_coverage(
             &self.store,
@@ -462,7 +444,7 @@ impl BlockChainServer {
             block.body.attestations.iter(),
         );
 
-        // Sign the block root with the proposal key
+        // Sign the block root with the proposal key.
         let block_root = block.hash_tree_root();
         let Ok(proposer_signature) = self
             .key_manager
@@ -473,9 +455,8 @@ impl BlockChainServer {
             return;
         };
 
-        // Assemble SignedBlock: wrap the proposer's raw XMSS signature into a
-        // singleton Type-1 SNARK, then merge it with every attestation Type-1
-        // into the block's single Type-2 proof.
+        // Wrap the proposer's raw XMSS signature into a singleton Type-1 SNARK,
+        // then merge it with every attestation Type-1 into the single Type-2.
         let head_state = self.store.head_state();
         let validators = &head_state.validators;
         let Some(proposer_validator) = validators.get(validator_id as usize) else {
@@ -565,23 +546,102 @@ impl BlockChainServer {
                 return;
             }
         };
-        // `type_one_proofs` is no longer needed past this point.
-        drop(type_one_proofs);
         let signed_block = SignedBlock {
             message: block,
             proof,
         };
 
-        // Process the block locally before publishing
+        // Stop timing here: the build is done, and the alignment wait below must
+        // not count toward the block-building metric.
+        drop(_timing);
+
+        let now_ms = unix_now_ms();
+
+        // Align publication to the slot boundary. If the build finished before
+        // the slot opened, wait out the remainder so the block is not published
+        // early; if it overran, publish immediately.
+        if now_ms < genesis_time_ms + slot * crate::MILLISECONDS_PER_SLOT {
+            let wait_ms = slot_start_ms.saturating_sub(now_ms);
+            tokio::time::sleep(Duration::from_millis(wait_ms)).await;
+        }
+
+        self.process_and_publish_block(slot, validator_id, signed_block);
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the validator ID if any of our validators is the proposer for this slot.
+    fn get_our_proposer(&self, slot: u64) -> Option<u64> {
+        let head_state = self.store.head_state();
+        let num_validators = head_state.validators.len() as u64;
+
+        self.key_manager
+            .validator_ids()
+            .into_iter()
+            .find(|&vid| is_proposer(vid, slot, num_validators))
+    }
+
+    fn produce_attestations(&mut self, slot: u64, is_aggregator: bool) {
+        let _timing = metrics::time_attestations_production();
+
+        // Produce attestation data once for all validators
+        let attestation_data = store::produce_attestation_data(&self.store, slot);
+
+        // For each registered validator, produce and publish attestation
+        for validator_id in self.key_manager.validator_ids() {
+            // Sign the attestation
+            let Ok(signature) = self
+                .key_manager
+                .sign_attestation(validator_id, &attestation_data)
+                .inspect_err(
+                    |err| error!(%slot, %validator_id, %err, "Failed to sign attestation"),
+                )
+            else {
+                continue;
+            };
+
+            // Create signed attestation
+            let signed_attestation = SignedAttestation {
+                validator_id,
+                data: attestation_data.clone(),
+                signature,
+            };
+
+            // Self-deliver: store our own attestation locally for aggregation.
+            // Gossipsub does not deliver messages back to the sender, so without
+            // this the aggregator never sees its own validator's signature in
+            // gossip_signatures and it is excluded from aggregated proofs.
+            if is_aggregator {
+                let _ = store::on_gossip_attestation(&mut self.store, &signed_attestation, true)
+                    .inspect_err(|err| {
+                        warn!(%slot, %validator_id, %err, "Self-delivery of attestation failed")
+                    });
+            }
+
+            // Publish to gossip network
+            if let Some(ref p2p) = self.p2p {
+                let _ = p2p.publish_attestation(signed_attestation).inspect_err(
+                    |err| error!(%slot, %validator_id, %err, "Failed to publish attestation"),
+                );
+                info!(%slot, %validator_id, "Published attestation");
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Import a freshly built block locally, then publish it to gossip. On
+    /// import failure, logs and counts it, and returns without publishing.
+    fn process_and_publish_block(
+        &mut self,
+        slot: u64,
+        validator_id: u64,
+        signed_block: SignedBlock,
+    ) {
         if let Err(err) = self.process_block(signed_block.clone()) {
             error!(%slot, %validator_id, %err, "Failed to process built block");
             metrics::inc_block_building_failures();
             return;
-        };
+        }
 
         metrics::inc_block_building_success();
 
-        // Publish to gossip network
         if let Some(ref p2p) = self.p2p {
             let _ = p2p
                 .publish_block(signed_block)
diff --git a/crates/blockchain/src/store.rs b/crates/blockchain/src/store.rs
index 8f7807d2..69953138 100644
--- a/crates/blockchain/src/store.rs
+++ b/crates/blockchain/src/store.rs
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ use tracing::{info, trace, warn};
 
 use crate::{
     GOSSIP_DISPARITY_INTERVALS, INTERVALS_PER_SLOT, MAX_ATTESTATIONS_DATA,
-    MILLISECONDS_PER_INTERVAL, MILLISECONDS_PER_SLOT,
+    MILLISECONDS_PER_INTERVAL,
     block_builder::{PostBlockCheckpoints, build_block},
     metrics,
 };
@@ -750,41 +750,25 @@ pub fn produce_attestation_data(store: &Store, slot: u64) -> AttestationData {
     }
 }
 
-/// Get the head for block proposal at the given slot.
+/// Produce a block and per-aggregated-attestation signature payloads on top of
+/// `head_root`, without moving the store clock.
 ///
-/// Ensures store is up-to-date and processes any pending attestations
-/// before returning the canonical head.
-fn get_proposal_head(store: &mut Store, slot: u64) -> H256 {
-    // Calculate time corresponding to this slot
-    let slot_time_ms = store.config().genesis_time * 1000 + slot * MILLISECONDS_PER_SLOT;
-
-    // Advance time to current slot (ticking intervals)
-    on_tick(store, slot_time_ms, true);
-
-    // Process any pending attestations before proposal
-    accept_new_attestations(store, false);
-
-    store.head()
-}
-
-/// Produce a block and per-aggregated-attestation signature payloads for the target slot.
-///
-/// Returns the finalized block and attestation signature payloads aligned
-/// with `block.body.attestations`.
-pub fn produce_block_with_signatures(
+/// Returns the block and attestation signature payloads aligned with
+/// `block.body.attestations`. The proposer resolves `head_root` from
+/// [`Store::head`] at the previous slot's interval 4 (read-only); the build
+/// must not tick the store, which would advance the clock an interval early.
+pub(crate) fn produce_block_on_head(
     store: &mut Store,
     slot: u64,
     validator_index: u64,
+    head_root: H256,
 ) -> Result<(Block, Vec<TypeOneMultiSignature>, PostBlockCheckpoints), StoreError> {
-    // Get parent block and state to build upon
-    let head_root = get_proposal_head(store, slot);
     let head_state = store
         .get_state(&head_root)
         .ok_or(StoreError::MissingParentState {
             parent_root: head_root,
             slot,
-        })?
-        .clone();
+        })?;
 
     // Validate proposer authorization for this slot
     let num_validators = head_state.validators.len() as u64;
diff --git a/docs/infographics/ethlambda_architecture.html b/docs/infographics/ethlambda_architecture.html
index 466483ae..c05b58f9 100644
--- a/docs/infographics/ethlambda_architecture.html
+++ b/docs/infographics/ethlambda_architecture.html
@@ -751,7 +751,7 @@ <h1>ethlambda</h1>
       'Two-phase attestation pipeline: new -> known',
       'on_tick(): advance slot, promote attestations at intervals 0/3',
       'on_block(): state transition + fork choice + storage persist',
-      'produce_block_with_signatures(): block building for proposers',
+      'produce_block_on_head(): block building for proposers',
       'justified_slots: relative indexing from finalized_slot',
       'Fallback pruning for stalled finalization',
     ],